· Use of single quotation marks along with double quotation marks. 1) American English: When you are writing something for the American audience, make sure to use the double quotation marks first, and then comes the single quotes within the double quotation. Example: “There were several ‘snake-tattooed men’ at the end of the alley.” single marl. Marl · Single · · 1 songs majority of MARL results is given for this setting. Farnell offers fast quotes, same day dispatch, fast delivery, wide inventory, datasheets & technical support Check Symbols. . Buy 24VDC MARL LED Single Colour Indicators. Wirklich glücklich kann Single Marl Yarn man aber auch hier nur werden, wenn man lernt, Abstriche an den richtigen Enden zu machen. Single Marl Yarn Mit dem perfekten Partner Single Marl Yarn kann Single Marl Yarn man zusammenwachsen und nicht umeinander herum/10()
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Im Vorfeld ausgearbeitete Bewerberprofile helfen, hier die passenden Gesprächspartner zusammenzuführen. Durch die dating Vorbereitung auf den Tag der Veranstaltung gewinnen die Teilnehmer an Single und Übung, ihre eigene berufliche Laufbahn in die Hand zu nehmen. Job-Speed-Dating Gelsenkirchen. Betreiber Hersteller. Industrie Funktionale Sicherheit. Wichtiger Hinweis. Sie erreichen uns unter. Kiva is a non-profit organization which helps entrepreneurs get financing from common people across the world.
By constructing an ecosystem in which borrowers, lenders and supporters come together, Kiva provides resources for small projects. In order make the ecosystem available to as many people as possible, small amount investments are available for anyone to fund and help others start their projects.
The minimum investment needed to single marl is 25 American dollars. Kiva has created partnerships with other non-profit organizations and microfinance institutions, the latter of which are local organizations that are working closely with their communities. The system gains deeper knowledge of the projects through the field partners, whom are responsible for underwriting this process.
It would be in the highest interest of Kiva to maximize the utility for each stakeholder in the ecosystem. The definition of a good outcome in this regard varies for each stakeholder. A borrower wants to be certain single marl his funding needs are met.
Single marl lender may have different goals, making the benefits for this party different. It is likely that certain lenders want to lend to as many people as possible. In these cases, good repayment rates would help, so that these persons can continue lending, since resources are limited. There may be other goals for a lender, like wanting to support specific countries or activities, single marl, while others may wish to fund one project at a time.
Among field partners, there may be different ways in which benefits are perceived, too. Some partners may want to be able to help both borrowers as well as lenders, as to be able to connect with one another. For those who fund the borrower in advance, the main concern would be concentrated on getting the funding from Kiva. Meanwhile, Kiva wants to secure that all the scenarios mentioned above take place within its ecosystem.
This section discusses related works on previous analysis with regards to Single marl data and recommendations for microfinance. Team membership can improve the amount invested by lenders in a significant way, but does not affect the frequency in which a lender is actively funding projects [1]. Chen, Roy et al. Working with Kiva, they implemented a random test, consisting of 22, experiments. The authors concluded that goal-setting and coordination are effective mechanisms to increase both lender activity, as well as the invested amount, single marl.
The study also shows that once a team is created, the activity it produces is concentrated in the first few months. This suggests the promotion of team creation benefits overall activity. While the forming of teams may promote overall activity, single marl, this is not an everlasting reaction. show that the activity of a team is high during the initial stage, and then has a rapid decline.
According to Choo, J. et al. Relevant variables in this are, amongst others, location, gender, and field partner reliability. The paper presents a model for team recommendation to lenders who have no affiliation with a team, single marl. To measure the performance, a rank is created for each lender, with a maximum ranking value of 1.
On average, the model ranks as a 0. In this paper, I propose a recommender algorithm for Kiva, whose goal is to improve activity, by recommending teams to lenders. There are two main approaches to recommender systems: content-based filtering and collaborative filtering, single marl. Content-based approaches use data created within single marl system, as to be able to provide recommendations for its users.
If the system handles products, then it would take information about the product, such as category, price, color, brand and more, to match single marl user profile, single marl, and then select some products to be suggested to that particular user.
Single marl collaborative filtering method uses a similar mechanism between users, herewith suggesting products to each user, single marl. Single marl a system where two users are similar because they, single marl, for example, both liked similar movies single marl system would suggest something to one user, based on the information of what the second user has seen and liked. In the Kiva space there are three types of possible recommendations: loans-to-lenders, loan-to-teams and teams-to-lenders.
All three recommendation approaches are possible. Since I want to improve activity, I would want to recommend the teams-to-lenders or loans-to-teams. Teams are formed by users, so the first recommendation would be a content-based approach.
The loan-to-teams recommendation can be defined as a collaborative approach, since we need to see what other teams or lenders are doing in order to make recommendations to teams or lenders.
Another way to improve activity is to suggest the formation of new teams. To accomplish that, I would use natural language processing to match users with teams. The attributes within the relations include geo-spatial, categorical, continuous, and unstructured text data, single marl. Regarding stakeholders, the attributes contained are as followed: for the lenders, the data has information regarding location, single marl, occupation, sign up date, and loan count, as well as information on the number of loans funded by the user, its invitee count, and the number of invitations sent to other users to fund a loan, because the latter is one of the reasons to be a part of Kiva.
The team data has category selected from a list of single marl provided by the system, described as free text loan, because this is a brief description of the overall team goal, loan count, single marl, loan amount, member count, membership type open or closeddate of creation and location.
There are no restrictions to join a team with regards to location, but it helps to find affinities: when a new user would like to join a team, the region he or she is in could single marl one of the first reasons to join, single marl. Loan data makes up the largest relation, as it includes the status of the loan with detailed information about delinquency rate, repayment status, sector and more.
Activity is a sub sector type of attribute, loan use as a free text to state the purpose of the loan, single marl, location, currency and amount. In addition, the data set has the relations between lenders and teams, single marl, lenders to loan, which are many-to-many, single marl.
A lender is not required to have a team affiliation, nor single marl he single marl to join only one team. There may be lenders that have joined several teams.
The two main relationships I am interested in are:. General statistics of the datasets are compared in Figure 1. Teams are very important in the Kiva ecosystem. Single marl know that promoting team creation improves activity, leading to more funding with more frequency. Kiva would benefit from recommending teams to users that have never joined a team, or by matching lenders to promote team formation. This should be something that happens continuously, since team activity decreases over time [2].
At the initial phase of experimentation and review of related work, I was focused on analyzing the relationship between the reasons to loan as stated by the lenders and the objective of each separate team. To investigate this, I would only concentrate my research on lenders and teams that have stated their reason to loan.
Taking that constrain into consideration, the team data gathered from the Kiva API corresponds with the data of teams created within the same time space as the lenders in the dataset. Single marl are 11, teams within that space, making up a total of On average, single marl, a team has 32 members, with a standard deviation of and a median of 4 members.
Figure 2 shows team logarithmic distribution by member count. There are two types of teams: those that are open for anyone to join, and those that require prospective members to be approved by the administrators. Each type is thus identified as either open or closed. Which type of team membership contributes more to Kiva? Closed teams in average fund loans, while open teams invest inwith a deviation of 4, single marl, and 13, loans respectively. This proves that open teams contribute to more loans more often, which leads to increased activity.
Liu, Y. The next question would be revolving around the terms of the lent amount. Which type of membership gives more per loan? Since the data does not reveal how much each lender gives with each loan, most Kiva-related papers make the assumption that each lender provided an equal amount to each loan. That is the same amount lent as for teams of the closed membership type. In terms of the amount lent, there is no visible difference in the amount derived by membership type. This leads us to the same findings as other related work, single marl.
There is a significant difference in the activity each type contributes to the ecosystem. Figure 3 shows the distribution of loans funded single marl each membership type, single marl.
The distribution is similar, but the right tail of the open membership is longer, single marl, meaning more loans get funded by this type of teams. Kiva should promote the creation of open teams. Some additional experiments performed on the Kiva data are shown in the following section. It includes clustering, dimensionality reduction and filtering.
To support the main goal single marl producing more activity in the Kiva ecosystem by forming teams, we need to find a source of reasons from which teams my be created, hereby identifying similar lenders. One direct way of doing that is to investigate the loans and try to determine clusters of loans from which we may create a reason to lend.
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